1 00:00:00,433 --> 00:00:09,433 ♪ 2 00:00:09,433 --> 00:00:11,100 Man: I start football at 4 years old. 3 00:00:11,100 --> 00:00:13,100 I start really, really young. 4 00:00:13,100 --> 00:00:14,366 I always wanted to be forward. 5 00:00:14,366 --> 00:00:15,700 -I was like-- -Always? 6 00:00:15,700 --> 00:00:19,433 Yeah. I wanted to score goals. 7 00:00:19,433 --> 00:00:22,133 When you are kids, you-- you dream to score goals. 8 00:00:24,500 --> 00:00:25,733 You know how to juggle? 9 00:00:25,733 --> 00:00:28,666 -Yeah, sure. -Ha ha ha! 10 00:00:28,666 --> 00:00:30,300 Right foot or left foot? 11 00:00:30,300 --> 00:00:31,800 -Right foot. -Right foot, like me. 12 00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:35,266 You take the ball to go like this. 13 00:00:35,266 --> 00:00:39,433 You know, and you go right, left, right, left. 14 00:00:41,333 --> 00:00:43,666 -So easy. -Not easy, 15 00:00:43,666 --> 00:00:47,500 but if you try-- yeah, for sure, why not? 16 00:00:47,500 --> 00:00:50,333 Ha ha ha! 17 00:00:50,333 --> 00:00:52,200 Wallach: Is this the first thing you learned 18 00:00:52,200 --> 00:00:53,766 when you started playing? Is this what you started doing? 19 00:00:53,766 --> 00:00:55,500 No, the first thing I learned is to score goals. 20 00:00:55,500 --> 00:00:56,766 That not help you to score goals. 21 00:00:56,766 --> 00:00:59,666 -Ha ha! -No. 22 00:00:59,666 --> 00:01:01,400 Wallach, voice-over: I'm in Paris today 23 00:01:01,400 --> 00:01:03,733 with the world-renowned athlete Kylian Mbappé 24 00:01:03,733 --> 00:01:05,200 to get his perspective 25 00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:07,766 on what it takes to visualize the outcomes 26 00:01:07,766 --> 00:01:10,100 we want to see unfold 27 00:01:10,100 --> 00:01:13,133 because in this moment, we're becoming urgently aware 28 00:01:13,133 --> 00:01:15,366 that we have real choices to make, 29 00:01:15,366 --> 00:01:18,666 the outcome of which will shape so much of what comes next. 30 00:01:18,666 --> 00:01:21,366 We get to decide, 31 00:01:21,366 --> 00:01:24,733 and while we focus a lot on what we don't want, 32 00:01:24,733 --> 00:01:28,766 we often fail to take the most important step of all-- 33 00:01:28,766 --> 00:01:32,066 picturing what kind of futures we do want, 34 00:01:32,066 --> 00:01:34,400 seeing the goal we are aiming for. 35 00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:37,666 [Crowd cheering] 36 00:01:37,666 --> 00:01:41,800 ♪ 37 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:45,100 [Singers vocalizing] 38 00:01:45,100 --> 00:01:48,733 ♪ 39 00:01:48,733 --> 00:01:51,566 [Cheering and applause] 40 00:01:51,566 --> 00:01:59,400 ♪ 41 00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:02,500 [Announcer speaking French] 42 00:02:02,500 --> 00:02:05,800   Wallach: What's the importance of visualizing success 43 00:02:05,800 --> 00:02:08,433 in making anything happen? 44 00:02:08,433 --> 00:02:11,433 You know, it's a part of yourself. 45 00:02:11,433 --> 00:02:13,166 Me, I was born with that. 46 00:02:13,166 --> 00:02:14,466 I always have this idea 47 00:02:14,466 --> 00:02:16,766 of success, to be someone, 48 00:02:16,766 --> 00:02:19,066 and to achieve many things, 49 00:02:19,066 --> 00:02:20,733 and every year, 50 00:02:20,733 --> 00:02:22,133 every month, every day, 51 00:02:22,133 --> 00:02:23,633 I have new goals, and-- not only in sport, 52 00:02:23,633 --> 00:02:25,166 in everything you do. 53 00:02:25,166 --> 00:02:27,300 In life, you have objective. 54 00:02:27,300 --> 00:02:30,333 You have goals for your family, for yourself, at work. 55 00:02:30,333 --> 00:02:33,500 And I think that's the step to success. 56 00:02:33,500 --> 00:02:35,466 Walk me through the moment 57 00:02:35,466 --> 00:02:37,133 right before you take a penalty kick. 58 00:02:37,133 --> 00:02:38,800 You're taking a shot on goal. 59 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:41,466 What are you--what are you seeing in your mind? 60 00:02:41,466 --> 00:02:44,733 [Crowd cheering] 61 00:02:44,733 --> 00:02:48,166 If I score, what'll happen? 62 00:02:48,166 --> 00:02:50,533 If I miss, what'll happen? 63 00:02:50,533 --> 00:02:53,566 [Crowd cheering] 64 00:02:55,300 --> 00:03:00,233 And that's, like, 100 questions in a second 65 00:03:00,233 --> 00:03:02,133 that's come in your mind. 66 00:03:02,133 --> 00:03:05,500 And you have to be able to say, like, 67 00:03:05,500 --> 00:03:08,500 "Now is the present," you know? 68 00:03:08,500 --> 00:03:10,833 You let the future come in your mind, 69 00:03:10,833 --> 00:03:13,500 but the most important thing in the penalty 70 00:03:13,500 --> 00:03:17,500 is to be in the moment. 71 00:03:17,500 --> 00:03:20,700 And you go with the confidence that you're going to score. 72 00:03:20,700 --> 00:03:23,133 There is no other option. 73 00:03:23,133 --> 00:03:25,533 [Crowd cheering] 74 00:03:25,533 --> 00:03:29,500 I assume you don't visualize you missing the goal. 75 00:03:29,500 --> 00:03:30,833 No, never. Never. 76 00:03:30,833 --> 00:03:32,666 That can happen, but never. 77 00:03:32,666 --> 00:03:35,333 If you visualize that, you miss a goal before the shot-- 78 00:03:35,333 --> 00:03:39,633 heh heh--you lose 50% of your confidence, 79 00:03:39,633 --> 00:03:43,633 and you need 100% of confidence to score a goal. 80 00:03:46,100 --> 00:03:47,833 Wallach, voice-over: I'm often asked, as a futurist, 81 00:03:47,833 --> 00:03:50,166 "Well, what if?" 82 00:03:50,166 --> 00:03:54,066 And most of those what ifs are usually worst-case scenarios. 83 00:03:54,066 --> 00:03:58,166   What if an asteroid comes hurtling towards our planet? 84 00:03:58,166 --> 00:04:01,233 What if AI gets out of control? 85 00:04:01,233 --> 00:04:03,466 I think at this point we can ask ourselves 86 00:04:03,466 --> 00:04:06,700 a potentially more important what if question. 87 00:04:06,700 --> 00:04:09,300 What if we're successful? 88 00:04:09,300 --> 00:04:12,133 What if we are able to provide 89 00:04:12,133 --> 00:04:14,433 basic and beyond-basic services 90 00:04:14,433 --> 00:04:17,233 for everyone on the planet? 91 00:04:17,233 --> 00:04:18,800 Because we tend to think of the what if through 92 00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:21,200 a kind of a negative lens. 93 00:04:21,200 --> 00:04:23,766 If we want to be able to move forward 94 00:04:23,766 --> 00:04:25,833 and build out those flourishing futures 95 00:04:25,833 --> 00:04:27,833 for the generations to come, 96 00:04:27,833 --> 00:04:29,533 we have to be asking ourselves, 97 00:04:29,533 --> 00:04:31,533 "What if we actually got it right?" 98 00:04:31,533 --> 00:04:34,566 [Grimes' "Oblivion" playing] 99 00:04:34,566 --> 00:04:43,500 ♪ 100 00:04:43,500 --> 00:04:46,733 [Vocalizing] 101 00:04:46,733 --> 00:04:57,066 ♪ 102 00:04:57,066 --> 00:05:00,400 ♪ I never walk about after dark ♪ 103 00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:02,766 ♪ It's my point of view ♪ 104 00:05:02,766 --> 00:05:05,533 ♪ 'Cause someone could break your neck ♪ 105 00:05:05,533 --> 00:05:07,400 ♪ Coming up behind you ♪ 106 00:05:07,400 --> 00:05:09,200 ♪ Always coming and you'd never have a clue ♪ 107 00:05:09,200 --> 00:05:12,833 ♪ I never look behind all the time ♪ 108 00:05:12,833 --> 00:05:15,133 ♪ I will wait forever ♪ 109 00:05:15,133 --> 00:05:17,700 ♪ Always looking straight ♪ 110 00:05:17,700 --> 00:05:21,166 ♪ Thinking, counting all the hours you wait ♪ 111 00:05:32,833 --> 00:05:36,766 The Greek term telos means ultimate aim, ultimate goal. 112 00:05:36,766 --> 00:05:40,433 What is it that we are doing, and why are we doing it? 113 00:05:40,433 --> 00:05:44,300 For over 100,000 years, the telos for Homo sapiens 114 00:05:44,300 --> 00:05:46,366 was basically to survive, 115 00:05:46,366 --> 00:05:49,333 to make sure there would be another generation. 116 00:05:49,333 --> 00:05:52,133 Now, for the first time in the human story, 117 00:05:52,133 --> 00:05:54,266 we have the opportunity to step back 118 00:05:54,266 --> 00:05:56,166 and say, "Well, what's next? 119 00:05:56,166 --> 00:05:58,700 "Where do we want to take this? 120 00:05:58,700 --> 00:06:03,100 To what end for the Homo sapien project?" 121 00:06:03,100 --> 00:06:05,533 Is it just to build cool technology, 122 00:06:05,533 --> 00:06:09,833 or is it to build a world beyond our imagination? 123 00:06:09,833 --> 00:06:12,566 But how do we change the way we think? 124 00:06:12,566 --> 00:06:15,433 What does it take to set aside old assumptions 125 00:06:15,433 --> 00:06:17,800 and ask bigger, better questions about the future 126 00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:19,666 we want to see unfold? 127 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:24,066 I came to Dubai to meet Raya Bidshahri, 128 00:06:24,066 --> 00:06:27,200 who believes that the kind of imagination we need right now 129 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:28,733 has a lot to do with transforming 130 00:06:28,733 --> 00:06:31,200 how we teach young minds. 131 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:32,733 Here at the School of Humanity, 132 00:06:32,733 --> 00:06:35,533 she is challenging decades of traditionally held ideas 133 00:06:35,533 --> 00:06:38,133 about education in order to change 134 00:06:38,133 --> 00:06:39,533 the way her students learn how to think 135 00:06:39,533 --> 00:06:43,066 and rethink everything. 136 00:06:43,066 --> 00:06:44,833 Bidshahri: Hi, everyone. 137 00:06:44,833 --> 00:06:47,833 Welcome to our designing with nature session. 138 00:06:47,833 --> 00:06:50,633 Why are we learning this? Why is this important? 139 00:06:50,633 --> 00:06:53,433 It's a field of study where we look at lessons from nature 140 00:06:53,433 --> 00:06:56,266 in order to inspire human innovations. 141 00:06:56,266 --> 00:06:58,066 And it's a really powerful tool to help us 142 00:06:58,066 --> 00:07:00,700 solve some of the problems that we're facing today. 143 00:07:00,700 --> 00:07:02,600 Bidshahri, voice-over: We all, for whatever reason, 144 00:07:02,600 --> 00:07:04,633 have a story we tell ourselves 145 00:07:04,633 --> 00:07:06,766 about what it means to go to school, 146 00:07:06,766 --> 00:07:08,766 what it means to learn, what that experience 147 00:07:08,766 --> 00:07:10,633 should feel like. 148 00:07:10,633 --> 00:07:12,300 And there's this mainstream 149 00:07:12,300 --> 00:07:13,666 kind of narrative 150 00:07:13,666 --> 00:07:15,566 in our collective imaginations. 151 00:07:15,566 --> 00:07:19,433 Changing that for an entire species is tough. 152 00:07:19,433 --> 00:07:22,066 Narrator: Acres of rich soil, and willing hands 153 00:07:22,066 --> 00:07:24,466 gave the good earth tireless care. 154 00:07:24,466 --> 00:07:27,766 But times have changed. 155 00:07:27,766 --> 00:07:31,166 Machines of every type are multiplying productivity 156 00:07:31,166 --> 00:07:33,800 in remarkable ways. 157 00:07:33,800 --> 00:07:38,133 This is an investment for your children's future here. 158 00:07:38,133 --> 00:07:40,266 Bidshahri: A lot of the structures that we're experiencing 159 00:07:40,266 --> 00:07:43,500 in schools today came from the assembly line. 160 00:07:43,500 --> 00:07:48,300 We really needed to train millions of factory workers. 161 00:07:48,300 --> 00:07:49,533 In fact, the reason we have bells... 162 00:07:49,533 --> 00:07:51,333 [Bell rings] 163 00:07:51,333 --> 00:07:53,733 in between lessons is because in the factory, 164 00:07:53,733 --> 00:07:55,800 you would have bells to signal the movement 165 00:07:55,800 --> 00:07:58,466 from one assembly line to another. 166 00:07:58,466 --> 00:08:00,466 You have this global standardization 167 00:08:00,466 --> 00:08:03,633 that is very much an echo of the industrial era, 168 00:08:03,633 --> 00:08:06,166 and you don't seen enough mainstream alternatives 169 00:08:06,166 --> 00:08:07,633 to that journey. 170 00:08:07,633 --> 00:08:11,266 We're actually moving towards a creative economy, 171 00:08:11,266 --> 00:08:14,833 especially with the rise of AI and automation. 172 00:08:14,833 --> 00:08:17,533 The kinds of tasks and thinking and processes 173 00:08:17,533 --> 00:08:20,366 that will be most difficult to replace with machines 174 00:08:20,366 --> 00:08:22,366 are the ones that are most creative and imaginative 175 00:08:22,366 --> 00:08:24,633 and require higher-ordered thinking. 176 00:08:24,633 --> 00:08:27,800 So this kind of Henry Ford model of education 177 00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:30,333 makes sense in the early 1900s, 178 00:08:30,333 --> 00:08:32,633 when millions of people are moving off of farms, 179 00:08:32,633 --> 00:08:35,700 and we have to get them ready to kind of work in factories. 180 00:08:35,700 --> 00:08:39,533 Now, here we are really at the beginning of the 21st century. 181 00:08:39,533 --> 00:08:43,200 What does it look like if we want to do it differently? 182 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:46,233 Yeah. So what I love to do when people ask me 183 00:08:46,233 --> 00:08:48,200 that is take a step back and apply 184 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:49,666 first principles thinking. 185 00:08:49,666 --> 00:08:51,766 So imagine our education system didn't exist 186 00:08:51,766 --> 00:08:53,366 and we weren't tinkering with it, 187 00:08:53,366 --> 00:08:54,833 we weren't building on top of it. 188 00:08:54,833 --> 00:08:56,400 -We just kind of set it aside... -Yep. 189 00:08:56,400 --> 00:08:58,366 and we got to design something from scratch 190 00:08:58,366 --> 00:08:59,533 for today's world. 191 00:08:59,533 --> 00:09:01,266 What would we teach young minds? 192 00:09:01,266 --> 00:09:02,633 How would we teach it? 193 00:09:02,633 --> 00:09:04,400 And why would we teach those things? 194 00:09:04,400 --> 00:09:07,100 For my team and I, we think that the purpose of education 195 00:09:07,100 --> 00:09:09,466 should be to help humanity flourish. 196 00:09:09,466 --> 00:09:10,766 And that can mean different things to different people, 197 00:09:10,766 --> 00:09:12,233 but it's all about contributing 198 00:09:12,233 --> 00:09:14,633 to human progress. 199 00:09:14,633 --> 00:09:16,533 Wallach, voice-over: It's striking to see the effect 200 00:09:16,533 --> 00:09:18,266 these ideas are having on the students 201 00:09:18,266 --> 00:09:20,433 here and around the world, 202 00:09:20,433 --> 00:09:22,600 through her vision to see a future where everyone 203 00:09:22,600 --> 00:09:25,100 has access to high-quality learning opportunities, 204 00:09:25,100 --> 00:09:28,100 both online and in person, 205 00:09:28,100 --> 00:09:30,633 regardless of where they are in the world. 206 00:09:30,633 --> 00:09:33,233 While I was there, I got to sit down and hear from 207 00:09:33,233 --> 00:09:36,133 a few of these students themselves. 208 00:09:36,133 --> 00:09:40,300 What tomorrows do you actually want to see? 209 00:09:40,300 --> 00:09:42,700 For me, I would like to see some progress. 210 00:09:42,700 --> 00:09:45,600 And--but with progress comes consequences. 211 00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:48,566 I don't think we'd ever achieve a complete utopia, 212 00:09:48,566 --> 00:09:53,233 and I don't think a complete dystopia exists either. 213 00:09:53,233 --> 00:09:55,433 To me, I'd like to see a balanced world 214 00:09:55,433 --> 00:09:57,533 with progress in, like, to me, 215 00:09:57,533 --> 00:10:00,466 important fields would be medicine, business. 216 00:10:00,466 --> 00:10:02,200 The environment is a big one. 217 00:10:02,200 --> 00:10:05,266 With AI, people now using ChatGPT, 218 00:10:05,266 --> 00:10:07,233 there's so much better things that 219 00:10:07,233 --> 00:10:08,533 are going to come in the future that 220 00:10:08,533 --> 00:10:10,233 we can't even imagine right now. 221 00:10:10,233 --> 00:10:12,200 Thinking about that there's going to be 222 00:10:12,200 --> 00:10:14,166 a lot of new things, that really gets my hopes up. 223 00:10:14,166 --> 00:10:16,166 Boy: The future is progressing fast. 224 00:10:16,166 --> 00:10:17,600 It's not only about the governments 225 00:10:17,600 --> 00:10:19,433 doing everything, right? 226 00:10:19,433 --> 00:10:22,800 It is also our responsibility as individuals, uh, 227 00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:25,133 living in our countries, living on Earth, 228 00:10:25,133 --> 00:10:28,400 to have a personal understanding of these topics 229 00:10:28,400 --> 00:10:32,433 since, as a community, we will be affected by the future. 230 00:10:32,433 --> 00:10:35,566 One way, again linking back, to improve this 231 00:10:35,566 --> 00:10:37,566 is to improve the education system 232 00:10:37,566 --> 00:10:41,233 because we need more, you know, critical thinkers 233 00:10:41,233 --> 00:10:42,766 and people that are a lot more curious 234 00:10:42,766 --> 00:10:45,166 than the current education system allows us to be. 235 00:10:45,166 --> 00:10:48,400 Wallach: You guys are a generation that is inheriting a lot. 236 00:10:48,400 --> 00:10:50,366 -Yeah. -How does that feel? 237 00:10:50,366 --> 00:10:51,766 I mean, yeah. 238 00:10:51,766 --> 00:10:54,266 We have had a lot just dumped on our shoulders, 239 00:10:54,266 --> 00:10:57,233 but there are lots of lessons to be learned. 240 00:10:57,233 --> 00:10:59,233 We learn from our past generations. 241 00:10:59,233 --> 00:11:03,366 And also, I think it just shapes us as a generation 242 00:11:03,366 --> 00:11:05,466 to think like problem solvers. 243 00:11:05,466 --> 00:11:07,333 We are creating the future. 244 00:11:07,333 --> 00:11:09,133 I feel like that's the only thing that we can be 245 00:11:09,133 --> 00:11:11,133 certain about, so we can be a little bit 246 00:11:11,133 --> 00:11:14,166 more positive about that. 247 00:11:14,166 --> 00:11:16,300 Bidshahri: Education is the most powerful tool 248 00:11:16,300 --> 00:11:17,833 that we have for human progress 249 00:11:17,833 --> 00:11:20,300 and for uplifting humanity. 250 00:11:20,300 --> 00:11:24,200 I can only imagine if every child on Earth 251 00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:26,800 received access to a quality education that allowed them 252 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:28,833 to upskill for the emerging workforce, 253 00:11:28,833 --> 00:11:30,766 to tackle their local challenges, 254 00:11:30,766 --> 00:11:33,300 to flourish in life, what that would mean 255 00:11:33,300 --> 00:11:35,766 to improve the society around them. 256 00:11:35,766 --> 00:11:37,833 That's really what the objective of education 257 00:11:37,833 --> 00:11:39,466 should be. 258 00:11:39,466 --> 00:11:41,300 It's not about tests or jobs or exam prep. 259 00:11:41,300 --> 00:11:44,500 It's for us as a species to take a step back and say, 260 00:11:44,500 --> 00:11:45,500 "Where do we want to go?" 261 00:11:45,500 --> 00:11:47,200 [Baby laughing] 262 00:11:47,200 --> 00:11:49,200 Man: It's a chance to be motivated by hope 263 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:51,433 more than fear, to be motivated by curiosity 264 00:11:51,433 --> 00:11:53,366 more than concern. 265 00:11:53,366 --> 00:11:55,166 And it isn't to say, forget the fear. 266 00:11:55,166 --> 00:11:58,100 It isn't to say, forget the concern. 267 00:11:58,100 --> 00:12:01,600 But to realize the future 268 00:12:01,600 --> 00:12:05,266 of what we can create is so amazing. 269 00:12:05,266 --> 00:12:06,733 [Children shouting] 270 00:12:06,733 --> 00:12:09,200 Man: The future itself is something 271 00:12:09,200 --> 00:12:12,366 that has its own history, if you think about it. 272 00:12:12,366 --> 00:12:15,666 There's a history of the idea of the future. 273 00:12:15,666 --> 00:12:19,700   For most of human history, the idea of the future 274 00:12:19,700 --> 00:12:22,433 is one that was essentially determined-- 275 00:12:22,433 --> 00:12:26,566 that according to the book, according to the cosmology, 276 00:12:26,566 --> 00:12:28,600 we have a story about how the world began, 277 00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:31,400 we have a story about how the world will end. 278 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:34,400 But one of the effects of secularization, 279 00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:37,233 let's say, in all of its forms over the past centuries, 280 00:12:37,233 --> 00:12:40,600 is that the future was no longer determined. 281 00:12:40,600 --> 00:12:44,100 The future was open. It was contingent. 282 00:12:44,100 --> 00:12:47,266 And I think this contingency of the future 283 00:12:47,266 --> 00:12:51,600 is something that we need to embrace. 284 00:12:51,600 --> 00:12:56,566 Woman: Giving people a creative space to think beyond what 285 00:12:56,566 --> 00:12:59,833 their world is now is really important, 286 00:12:59,833 --> 00:13:02,633 because the world now is broken. 287 00:13:02,633 --> 00:13:04,566   So we don't want to just confine ourselves 288 00:13:04,566 --> 00:13:06,300 to the box of the world of now. 289 00:13:06,300 --> 00:13:08,333 It just doesn't work. 290 00:13:08,333 --> 00:13:11,800 Giving people that space to say, "What if?" 291 00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:13,566 That's what we want to do. 292 00:13:13,566 --> 00:13:19,466 ♪ 293 00:13:19,466 --> 00:13:21,833 Wallach, voice-over: Built within us is the ability 294 00:13:21,833 --> 00:13:26,633 to imagine and reimagine the world as we want to see it. 295 00:13:26,633 --> 00:13:28,733 Thomas More's famous book "Utopia" 296 00:13:28,733 --> 00:13:31,233 was really about this kind of far-off land 297 00:13:31,233 --> 00:13:33,133 where everything seemed perfect. 298 00:13:33,133 --> 00:13:34,766 Utopias are fascinating. 299 00:13:34,766 --> 00:13:37,300 They fill us with wonder and awe at what could be. 300 00:13:37,300 --> 00:13:38,633 ♪ I'd like to buy ♪ 301 00:13:38,633 --> 00:13:40,666 ♪ The world a home ♪ 302 00:13:40,666 --> 00:13:44,066 ♪ And furnish it with love ♪ 303 00:13:44,066 --> 00:13:46,166 ♪ Grow apple trees ♪ 304 00:13:46,166 --> 00:13:48,466 Narrator: To all who come to this happy place, welcome. 305 00:13:48,466 --> 00:13:50,266 [Indistinct singing] 306 00:13:50,266 --> 00:13:53,333 Our Experimental Prototype City of Tomorrow. 307 00:13:53,333 --> 00:13:55,666 We call it EPCOT. 308 00:13:55,666 --> 00:13:57,133 Narrator: Demonstrating to the world 309 00:13:57,133 --> 00:13:58,766 what American communities 310 00:13:58,766 --> 00:14:00,766 can accomplish through proper control 311 00:14:00,766 --> 00:14:03,200 of planning and design. 312 00:14:03,200 --> 00:14:04,700 Wallach, voice-over: But here's the thing. 313 00:14:04,700 --> 00:14:06,700 It eventually falls in on itself, 314 00:14:06,700 --> 00:14:08,633 because nothing is perfect. 315 00:14:08,633 --> 00:14:11,066 Now, we know we don't want dystopias, 316 00:14:11,066 --> 00:14:12,533 and we know utopias fall apart. 317 00:14:12,533 --> 00:14:14,133 So what's left? 318 00:14:14,133 --> 00:14:15,733 An idea called protopia. 319 00:14:15,733 --> 00:14:19,100 And protopian thinking, and being a protopian, 320 00:14:19,100 --> 00:14:22,200 means that you believe our best days are ahead of us, 321 00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:25,533 that we could actually build a tomorrow that will be better, 322 00:14:25,533 --> 00:14:28,333 but it won't be perfect, and the job will then 323 00:14:28,333 --> 00:14:30,333 be picked up by the next generation. 324 00:14:32,333 --> 00:14:35,066 These are the projects I'm interested in-- 325 00:14:35,066 --> 00:14:36,666 people who are building better futures. 326 00:14:36,666 --> 00:14:45,233 ♪ 327 00:14:45,233 --> 00:14:47,533 Wallach, voice-over: It's an amazing thing to see firsthand 328 00:14:47,533 --> 00:14:49,666 how better futures don't just happen. 329 00:14:49,666 --> 00:14:52,100 They're built by everyday people 330 00:14:52,100 --> 00:14:54,233 who decide to lean in, rather than look away 331 00:14:54,233 --> 00:14:56,533 from the challenges before us. 332 00:14:56,533 --> 00:14:58,266 And perhaps no set of challenges 333 00:14:58,266 --> 00:15:00,300 today is more pressing than the ones 334 00:15:00,300 --> 00:15:02,533 we see across the natural world, 335 00:15:02,533 --> 00:15:04,466 where human activity has damaged 336 00:15:04,466 --> 00:15:07,400 and destroyed the systems of life that sustain us all. 337 00:15:07,400 --> 00:15:11,300 Here in Freeport, a scuba diver turned coral farmer 338 00:15:11,300 --> 00:15:13,600 is working to rethink how we preserve these systems 339 00:15:13,600 --> 00:15:16,066 of life underwater. 340 00:15:16,066 --> 00:15:19,400 Man: We are at Coral Vita's farm in Freeport, Grand Bahama. 341 00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:21,566 It's the world's first commercial land-based 342 00:15:21,566 --> 00:15:23,433 coral farm for reef restoration. 343 00:15:23,433 --> 00:15:26,566 So just like we can plant trees for reforestation, 344 00:15:26,566 --> 00:15:29,433 we grow and plant corals for reef restoration. 345 00:15:29,433 --> 00:15:32,400 This is a self-contained system where, 346 00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:34,733 whether by modifying the temperature, the light, 347 00:15:34,733 --> 00:15:37,433 the flow, we can determine 348 00:15:37,433 --> 00:15:40,300 this is what makes corals grow the fastest, is the healthiest. 349 00:15:40,300 --> 00:15:43,133 We can cycle corals through the system to figure out 350 00:15:43,133 --> 00:15:45,400 how we can do our job even better. 351 00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:47,300 What exactly is coral? 352 00:15:47,300 --> 00:15:49,366 A lot of people think it's a colorful rock. 353 00:15:49,366 --> 00:15:51,533 In fact, it's an animal 354 00:15:51,533 --> 00:15:53,300 that has plants living inside of it. 355 00:15:53,300 --> 00:15:55,800   It's an ancient distant cousin of a jellyfish. 356 00:15:55,800 --> 00:15:58,266 Within its sort of tissue skin layer, 357 00:15:58,266 --> 00:16:01,133 it has this symbiotic algae that lives inside of it. 358 00:16:01,133 --> 00:16:02,666 It's what gives corals their color, 359 00:16:02,666 --> 00:16:03,600 and also through photosynthesis 360 00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:05,266 is what feeds the corals 361 00:16:05,266 --> 00:16:06,500 for the most part. 362 00:16:06,500 --> 00:16:07,633 And then as the corals grow, 363 00:16:07,633 --> 00:16:08,700 they make limestone rock 364 00:16:08,700 --> 00:16:10,300 for their skeleton. 365 00:16:10,300 --> 00:16:11,666 They really create the habitat, 366 00:16:11,666 --> 00:16:14,166 the nurseries for fish, for shrimp, 367 00:16:14,166 --> 00:16:16,766 for all sorts of sea life and wildlife. 368 00:16:16,766 --> 00:16:20,533 They're like the skyscrapers of this underwater world. 369 00:16:20,533 --> 00:16:23,600 Since the 1970s, we've lost half of the world's 370 00:16:23,600 --> 00:16:25,766 coral reefs, and we're currently on track 371 00:16:25,766 --> 00:16:28,700 to lose over 90% by 2050. 372 00:16:28,700 --> 00:16:31,633 They support the livelihoods of up to 1 billion people 373 00:16:31,633 --> 00:16:34,133 in over 100 countries around the world, 374 00:16:34,133 --> 00:16:37,166 along with sustaining a quarter of all marine life. 375 00:16:37,166 --> 00:16:39,333 They act like natural sea walls. 376 00:16:39,333 --> 00:16:42,466 They reduce wave energy on average by 97%. 377 00:16:42,466 --> 00:16:44,700 So they protect property. They save lives. 378 00:16:44,700 --> 00:16:46,433 They power tourism economies. 379 00:16:46,433 --> 00:16:48,333 There are entire fishing communities 380 00:16:48,333 --> 00:16:50,333 that are completely reliant on these reefs. 381 00:16:50,333 --> 00:16:53,500 So as they die, it's an ecological tragedy 382 00:16:53,500 --> 00:16:56,366 that impacts all people everywhere. 383 00:16:56,366 --> 00:16:59,766 We started Coral Vita in order to create a new model 384 00:16:59,766 --> 00:17:03,066 to scale restoration globally and so that 385 00:17:03,066 --> 00:17:06,466 there will be future reefs for generations to come. 386 00:17:06,466 --> 00:17:08,633 So yeah, this is basically where we grow the corals. 387 00:17:08,633 --> 00:17:11,100 So we set up these tanks. 388 00:17:11,100 --> 00:17:13,300 We're pumping clean seawater through. 389 00:17:13,300 --> 00:17:17,433 And we work our magic for 6, 12 months on average, 390 00:17:17,433 --> 00:17:19,733 before we then outplant the corals. 391 00:17:19,733 --> 00:17:22,066 Wallach: So all the coral that I'm looking at in here 392 00:17:22,066 --> 00:17:24,133 at one point actually came from the ocean? 393 00:17:24,133 --> 00:17:26,733 Yeah. So this is actually a good example. 394 00:17:26,733 --> 00:17:28,700 We call this coral broodstock. 395 00:17:28,700 --> 00:17:30,733 And so this was a piece 396 00:17:30,733 --> 00:17:32,333 of elkhorn coral... 397 00:17:32,333 --> 00:17:34,066 Yeah. 398 00:17:34,066 --> 00:17:35,200 that we've sort of 399 00:17:35,200 --> 00:17:36,366 put onto these plates. 400 00:17:36,366 --> 00:17:37,533 This might have broken off 401 00:17:37,533 --> 00:17:38,666 because of a storm or someone 402 00:17:38,666 --> 00:17:40,333 dropped their anchor. 403 00:17:40,333 --> 00:17:42,066 It was tumbling around the reef. 404 00:17:42,066 --> 00:17:43,200 We collected it, fragment it 405 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:45,200 into these tiny little pieces 406 00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:47,500 that then triggers the accelerated growth rates 407 00:17:47,500 --> 00:17:49,766 until it's time to actually screw this in. 408 00:17:49,766 --> 00:17:52,366 And then the coral will grow over and do its thing. 409 00:17:52,366 --> 00:17:54,600 And so this is something that naturally happens, obviously, 410 00:17:54,600 --> 00:17:57,233 but it takes a much longer time. 411 00:17:57,233 --> 00:17:58,500 Exactly. 412 00:17:58,500 --> 00:18:01,133 So normally in nature, 413 00:18:01,133 --> 00:18:03,333 uh, it could take years, if not decades. 414 00:18:03,333 --> 00:18:06,566 And this will be ready to outplant in closer to 415 00:18:06,566 --> 00:18:07,600 6 to 12 months. 416 00:18:07,600 --> 00:18:18,633 ♪ 417 00:18:18,633 --> 00:18:20,633 Wallach, voice-over: Sam invited me out with his team 418 00:18:20,633 --> 00:18:22,833 to plant some of the newly ready coral, 419 00:18:22,833 --> 00:18:26,266 and see firsthand both the damage and potential 420 00:18:26,266 --> 00:18:29,600 he sees here on this local reef. 421 00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:31,333 Wallach: Where are we right now? 422 00:18:31,333 --> 00:18:33,300 Sam: We are sitting right on top of Rainbow Reef 423 00:18:33,300 --> 00:18:37,166 on the south shore of Grand Bahama Island. 424 00:18:37,166 --> 00:18:39,266 50, 60 miles off the coast of Florida, 425 00:18:39,266 --> 00:18:42,133 we're on top of this incredible barrier reef, 426 00:18:42,133 --> 00:18:44,633 and where we're doing a lot of our restoration efforts 427 00:18:44,633 --> 00:18:46,400 from our coral farm here. 428 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:48,600 We're focused right now on a few hectares' area 429 00:18:48,600 --> 00:18:50,700 worth of reef where we've been planting thousands 430 00:18:50,700 --> 00:18:52,466 and thousands of coral. 431 00:18:52,466 --> 00:18:56,433 All right. Well, let's get to it. 432 00:18:56,433 --> 00:18:58,400 [Gurgling] 433 00:18:58,400 --> 00:19:22,833 ♪ 434 00:19:22,833 --> 00:19:24,400 Wallach, voice-over: Over the years, 435 00:19:24,400 --> 00:19:26,366 so much of human technology 436 00:19:26,366 --> 00:19:29,566 has treated the effects to nature as an afterthought. 437 00:19:29,566 --> 00:19:34,233 Now, it's remarkable to see innovation designed to ensure 438 00:19:34,233 --> 00:19:36,633 healthier futures for these life support systems 439 00:19:36,633 --> 00:19:39,366 that impact us all, 440 00:19:39,366 --> 00:19:41,200 a reminder that the tools we hold in our hands 441 00:19:41,200 --> 00:19:43,800 right now, if used wisely, 442 00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:49,300 can protect and preserve life in new and needed ways. 443 00:19:49,300 --> 00:20:05,433 ♪ 444 00:20:05,433 --> 00:20:07,666 Sam: Our ultimate vision is that every nation on Earth 445 00:20:07,666 --> 00:20:10,133 that has coral reefs has large-scale, 446 00:20:10,133 --> 00:20:12,166 land-based coral farms. 447 00:20:12,166 --> 00:20:14,266 And it doesn't have to obviously be us. 448 00:20:14,266 --> 00:20:16,333 There's countless other people that are doing this. 449 00:20:16,333 --> 00:20:19,166 Because we have an opportunity to do so, 450 00:20:19,166 --> 00:20:22,266 and we also have an imperative to do so. 451 00:20:22,266 --> 00:20:33,500 ♪ 452 00:20:33,500 --> 00:20:35,766 Wallach: I was in a conversation with someone not that long ago, 453 00:20:35,766 --> 00:20:37,800 and they were talking about how, 454 00:20:37,800 --> 00:20:40,733 you know, the future is smart cities and smart appliances. 455 00:20:40,733 --> 00:20:43,366 You know, smart frigerator that tells you when 456 00:20:43,366 --> 00:20:45,500 you're running low on milk. 457 00:20:45,500 --> 00:20:48,833 And while smart is good, 458 00:20:48,833 --> 00:20:52,366 what we need right now is wisdom. 459 00:20:52,366 --> 00:20:54,200 And there's a difference. 460 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:55,666 What we need to be able to do is kind of 461 00:20:55,666 --> 00:20:59,633 step back and discern, where do we want to go? 462 00:20:59,633 --> 00:21:02,166 Where do we want to take this? 463 00:21:02,166 --> 00:21:03,733 Where do we want to take this species? 464 00:21:03,733 --> 00:21:05,733 Where do we want to take this whole thing that we call 465 00:21:05,733 --> 00:21:07,733 Homo sapiens on Earth? 466 00:21:09,066 --> 00:21:12,566 And that isn't just about smart. 467 00:21:12,566 --> 00:21:15,166 To answer that question, we need wisdom. 468 00:21:17,800 --> 00:21:20,166 Bratton: The fork in the road where we are right now 469 00:21:20,166 --> 00:21:23,166 can lead in a lot of different directions. 470 00:21:23,166 --> 00:21:26,066 Howe: There's reasons to be optimistic. 471 00:21:26,066 --> 00:21:28,533 We've got to believe that there's a better way 472 00:21:28,533 --> 00:21:30,100 and something better is to come. 473 00:21:30,100 --> 00:21:32,433 Not because at all it's guaranteed, 474 00:21:32,433 --> 00:21:36,766 but because the alternative is completely unthinkable. 475 00:21:36,766 --> 00:21:38,366 Bratton: We do have the tools. 476 00:21:38,366 --> 00:21:41,266 We can, in fact, imagine and compose 477 00:21:41,266 --> 00:21:43,100 radically different kinds of futures. 478 00:21:43,100 --> 00:21:46,466 There's nothing stopping us at the technological level. 479 00:21:46,466 --> 00:21:49,700 Hoffman: All of these technologies are just beginning, 480 00:21:49,700 --> 00:21:53,300 and super important for the elevation of humanity. 481 00:21:53,300 --> 00:21:55,200 The technology may be an aid, 482 00:21:55,200 --> 00:21:57,366 but the technology is not going to save us. 483 00:21:57,366 --> 00:21:59,466 Who's going to save us is us. 484 00:21:59,466 --> 00:22:02,600 It's we who need to solve it. 485 00:22:02,600 --> 00:22:06,766 ♪ 486 00:22:06,766 --> 00:22:09,233 Wallach: What does it look like to innovate, 487 00:22:09,233 --> 00:22:11,100 using technology to solve for some of the biggest 488 00:22:11,100 --> 00:22:13,766 challenges we face? 489 00:22:13,766 --> 00:22:16,300 It's my first time in Iceland, 490 00:22:16,300 --> 00:22:19,700 a place that's so beautiful, it's overwhelming. 491 00:22:19,700 --> 00:22:21,833 I'm here to visit a country that runs completely 492 00:22:21,833 --> 00:22:24,300 on renewable energy 493 00:22:24,300 --> 00:22:26,133 at a moment when many countries are struggling 494 00:22:26,133 --> 00:22:29,166 to achieve a fraction of that. 495 00:22:29,166 --> 00:22:31,233 Iceland is unique in that it straddles 496 00:22:31,233 --> 00:22:35,400 the Mid-Atlantic ridge sitting on top of a volcanic hotspot. 497 00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:39,133 So when they began to rethink how to power the country, 498 00:22:39,133 --> 00:22:41,433 they decided to make use of the unique resources 499 00:22:41,433 --> 00:22:43,200 they have right here at home. 500 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:45,666 One of the technologies they're using here 501 00:22:45,666 --> 00:22:47,500 is geothermal power. 502 00:22:47,500 --> 00:22:50,533 And I wanted to understand more about how it works 503 00:22:50,533 --> 00:22:54,166 and the ideas it could offer all of us in search of futures 504 00:22:54,166 --> 00:22:57,166 with cleaner, more renewable energy. 505 00:22:57,166 --> 00:22:59,300 Woman: We are in a geothermal powerplant, 506 00:22:59,300 --> 00:23:01,233 and the name of it is Hellisheidi. 507 00:23:01,233 --> 00:23:03,700 And this is by far the largest geothermal powerplant 508 00:23:03,700 --> 00:23:05,700 in Iceland, and one of the largest 509 00:23:05,700 --> 00:23:07,266 in the whole world. 510 00:23:07,266 --> 00:23:09,366 What exactly is geothermal? 511 00:23:09,366 --> 00:23:10,833 So geothermal is just the heat 512 00:23:10,833 --> 00:23:12,766 generated by the Earth's core. 513 00:23:12,766 --> 00:23:15,066 And we want to extract this heat 514 00:23:15,066 --> 00:23:17,733 and use it for electricity and just heating purposes. 515 00:23:17,733 --> 00:23:21,266 Wallach, voice-over: While I was there, Angelica showed me around 516 00:23:21,266 --> 00:23:23,100 and explained more about the process, 517 00:23:23,100 --> 00:23:24,433 as well as some of the challenges 518 00:23:24,433 --> 00:23:26,433 they're still working to solve. 519 00:23:26,433 --> 00:23:29,233 Kapatza: We drill down approximately 2.5 kilometers depths. 520 00:23:29,233 --> 00:23:32,133 We take mostly water and steam, and after that, 521 00:23:32,133 --> 00:23:34,266 we just use it for the electricity production 522 00:23:34,266 --> 00:23:37,400 or the heating process for our homes. 523 00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:39,833 Wallach: How does the steam become electricity? 524 00:23:39,833 --> 00:23:42,700 So after we have separated these two different phases, 525 00:23:42,700 --> 00:23:44,200 steam enters a turbine 526 00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:45,833 and rotates pretty fast the blades. 527 00:23:45,833 --> 00:23:47,566 -Mm-hmm. -And when I say fast, 528 00:23:47,566 --> 00:23:49,466 I mean 3,000 rotations per minute. 529 00:23:49,466 --> 00:23:51,100 Wow, yeah. 530 00:23:51,100 --> 00:23:52,400 After that, this kinetic, like, 531 00:23:52,400 --> 00:23:55,066 mechanical energy is converted to electrical 532 00:23:55,066 --> 00:23:56,733 in the generator. 533 00:23:56,733 --> 00:23:59,233 And after that, you see all the power lines over here? 534 00:23:59,233 --> 00:24:01,633 That's where it's getting sent into the national grid 535 00:24:01,633 --> 00:24:03,266 of the whole country. 536 00:24:05,433 --> 00:24:07,733 Wallach, voice-over: Historically, geothermal power 537 00:24:07,733 --> 00:24:09,600 has been limited to areas in the world 538 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:13,400 with naturally occurring heat in the earth and groundwater. 539 00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:16,200 But recently, there's been exciting work to see 540 00:24:16,200 --> 00:24:20,133 what's possible by using existing oil and gas wells. 541 00:24:20,133 --> 00:24:21,766 Water can be pumped into the well, 542 00:24:21,766 --> 00:24:23,833 where it is heated by the Earth, 543 00:24:23,833 --> 00:24:26,500 then drawn back to the surface for power. 544 00:24:26,500 --> 00:24:30,133 That's a huge opportunity, as the U.S. alone 545 00:24:30,133 --> 00:24:33,466 currently has vast amounts of abandoned, dry, 546 00:24:33,466 --> 00:24:36,466 or unproductive oil wells that can be repurposed, 547 00:24:36,466 --> 00:24:40,200 along with the human skillsets needed for this new work. 548 00:24:41,833 --> 00:24:44,500 Kapatza, voice-over: So this is actually a reinjection borehole, 549 00:24:44,500 --> 00:24:49,166 and this is where we reinject the hot geothermal water 550 00:24:49,166 --> 00:24:52,800 that we have used back underground. 551 00:24:52,800 --> 00:24:56,100 Wallach, voice-over: Like so many things, geothermal power 552 00:24:56,100 --> 00:24:58,466 is a big step forward, but it's not perfect. 553 00:24:58,466 --> 00:25:01,100 There's still a small amount of CO2 554 00:25:01,100 --> 00:25:03,666 being produced from the hot water being extracted. 555 00:25:03,666 --> 00:25:06,400 So the team here has gotten creative about 556 00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:09,200 a way to capture the carbon resulting from the process 557 00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:11,400 and mineralize it into a rock substance 558 00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:14,833 that they inject back into the Earth itself. 559 00:25:14,833 --> 00:25:16,733 Now, at the moment here in this powerplant, 560 00:25:16,733 --> 00:25:21,833 we are capturing around 12,000 tons per year of this CO2, 561 00:25:21,833 --> 00:25:23,433 and we mineralize it every year. 562 00:25:23,433 --> 00:25:25,566 Wow. 563 00:25:25,566 --> 00:25:28,200 Wallach: How much electricity does Iceland get from geothermal? 564 00:25:28,200 --> 00:25:32,466 So we get around 750 megawatts of electricity 565 00:25:32,466 --> 00:25:34,200 from all this, mostly 8 geothermal 566 00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:35,833 powerplants throughout the country. 567 00:25:35,833 --> 00:25:39,366 This is nearly 30% of our electricity 568 00:25:39,366 --> 00:25:41,166 coming up from geothermal. 569 00:25:41,166 --> 00:25:42,333 The rest comes from hydroelectric. 570 00:25:42,333 --> 00:25:44,100 Hmm. 571 00:25:44,100 --> 00:25:46,066 So we are literally 100%, um, 572 00:25:46,066 --> 00:25:47,366 renewable electricity production over here. 573 00:25:47,366 --> 00:25:49,500 -As a nation. -Yeah. 574 00:25:49,500 --> 00:25:55,566 ♪ 575 00:25:55,566 --> 00:25:57,700 Wallach, voice-over: I got to see the impact and opportunities 576 00:25:57,700 --> 00:26:00,666 created through geothermal energy close by, 577 00:26:00,666 --> 00:26:02,766 where a team of farmers are growing produce 578 00:26:02,766 --> 00:26:05,333 in the middle of winter. 579 00:26:05,333 --> 00:26:08,633 Woman: Every day, we have something to pick in any greenhouse. 580 00:26:08,633 --> 00:26:11,433 We are harvesting two tons of tomatoes every day of the year. 581 00:26:11,433 --> 00:26:13,566 Wallach: Every day? Woman: Every day of the year. 582 00:26:13,566 --> 00:26:15,733 This is only one of 9 greenhouses, 583 00:26:15,733 --> 00:26:20,300 and that makes 40% here of the domestic market in Iceland. 584 00:26:20,300 --> 00:26:22,300 You can see the white pipes here 585 00:26:22,300 --> 00:26:24,066 all around the glasshouses. 586 00:26:24,066 --> 00:26:25,433 You find them also underneath the plants 587 00:26:25,433 --> 00:26:26,800 and above the plants. 588 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:28,233 This is actually our heating system. 589 00:26:28,233 --> 00:26:29,766   And those pipes are connected 590 00:26:29,766 --> 00:26:32,100 to our own hot spring in the village. 591 00:26:32,100 --> 00:26:34,466 And from there, we can take the water with a temperature 592 00:26:34,466 --> 00:26:38,233 of 90 to 95 degrees in Celsius inside the houses, 593 00:26:38,233 --> 00:26:40,133 and that's what we use for heating. 594 00:26:40,133 --> 00:26:41,466 So the warmth that I'm feeling right now, 595 00:26:41,466 --> 00:26:43,266 the warmth that is growing tomatoes 596 00:26:43,266 --> 00:26:45,733 in the middle of winter in Iceland, is geothermal? 597 00:26:45,733 --> 00:26:47,566 All the way geothermal. 598 00:26:47,566 --> 00:26:49,766 It's just the hot water basically radiating 599 00:26:49,766 --> 00:26:52,466 the heat into the houses. 600 00:26:52,466 --> 00:26:53,766 I think over there, you can try this one. 601 00:26:53,766 --> 00:26:55,566 -Yeah. -It looks good to me. 602 00:26:55,566 --> 00:26:57,166 Oh, look at that. 603 00:26:57,166 --> 00:26:58,633 I mean, this is-- when people say, 604 00:26:58,633 --> 00:27:00,833 like, a tomato straight from the vine, this is it, right? 605 00:27:00,833 --> 00:27:02,600 Heh heh. That's it. 606 00:27:04,366 --> 00:27:05,500 -It's good? -Yeah. 607 00:27:05,500 --> 00:27:08,600 -Ha ha ha! -Mmm! 608 00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:10,800 That's amazing. 609 00:27:10,800 --> 00:27:14,100 [Birds crying] 610 00:27:14,100 --> 00:27:23,333 ♪ 611 00:27:23,333 --> 00:27:24,766 Wallach: Being out here, traveling like this, 612 00:27:24,766 --> 00:27:27,766 is kind of mind-blowing. 613 00:27:27,766 --> 00:27:30,533 To see these things, and feel these things, 614 00:27:30,533 --> 00:27:32,566 and meet with people who are all kind of, like, 615 00:27:32,566 --> 00:27:34,366 working on the edge, 616 00:27:34,366 --> 00:27:37,200 trying to make better futures 617 00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:39,666 for my kids, my grandkids-- 618 00:27:39,666 --> 00:27:41,600 it's just, like, inspiring. 619 00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:43,266 But they're curious. 620 00:27:43,266 --> 00:27:45,066 They're not sitting back and saying, like, 621 00:27:45,066 --> 00:27:48,333 I'm just going to let the future wash over me. 622 00:27:48,333 --> 00:27:51,633 They're thinking, can I do it a different way? 623 00:27:51,633 --> 00:27:54,400 Can it be better? Can I make it better? 624 00:27:54,400 --> 00:27:56,666 And then they're connecting it with, like, action. 625 00:27:56,666 --> 00:28:00,433 And that curiosity is infectious, 626 00:28:00,433 --> 00:28:04,133 and that feels like a through line across the board. 627 00:28:06,700 --> 00:28:09,233 The more I travel, the more I see 628 00:28:09,233 --> 00:28:11,566 how there is no one-size-fits-all solution 629 00:28:11,566 --> 00:28:13,366 to the challenges we face. 630 00:28:13,366 --> 00:28:15,533 This moment requires us to address 631 00:28:15,533 --> 00:28:17,466 multiple things at once. 632 00:28:17,466 --> 00:28:20,366 And beyond creating cleaner, new forms of energy, 633 00:28:20,366 --> 00:28:22,366 there's still much to do in terms 634 00:28:22,366 --> 00:28:26,066 of identifying and reducing existing energy pollution. 635 00:28:26,066 --> 00:28:28,600 So I came to Ball Aerospace in Boulder, 636 00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:30,500 where a team of scientists were preparing 637 00:28:30,500 --> 00:28:34,266 to launch a methane-tracking satellite into space. 638 00:28:34,266 --> 00:28:36,366 It's like a smoke detector for the planet. 639 00:28:36,366 --> 00:28:38,433 Methane is a colorless, odorless gas. 640 00:28:38,433 --> 00:28:40,200 We can't see it with the naked eye, 641 00:28:40,200 --> 00:28:42,400 so the--they don't know it's a problem 642 00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:45,333 until we make the invisible visible. 643 00:28:45,333 --> 00:28:47,366 You're part of a project called MethaneSAT. 644 00:28:47,366 --> 00:28:49,233 What is that? 645 00:28:49,233 --> 00:28:51,566 So MethaneSAT is the first time that 646 00:28:51,566 --> 00:28:53,100 an environmental NGO 647 00:28:53,100 --> 00:28:54,400 will be launching a satellite. 648 00:28:54,400 --> 00:28:56,100 And what it's designed to do 649 00:28:56,100 --> 00:28:58,700 is globally map methane pollution-- 650 00:28:58,700 --> 00:29:00,566   primarily from oil and gas development, 651 00:29:00,566 --> 00:29:04,200 but also from landfills and agriculture as well-- 652 00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:07,400 and to then make that data actionable to the public. 653 00:29:07,400 --> 00:29:09,066 What exactly is methane? 654 00:29:09,066 --> 00:29:11,433 Methane is a super pollutant. 655 00:29:11,433 --> 00:29:14,766 It's like this thick blanket that is very powerful. 656 00:29:14,766 --> 00:29:17,733 It's 80% more potent than carbon dioxide. 657 00:29:17,733 --> 00:29:19,566 And we're talking about an industry that 658 00:29:19,566 --> 00:29:22,233 has hundreds of thousands of wells just in the U.S., 659 00:29:22,233 --> 00:29:25,100 spread across very rural areas, often. 660 00:29:25,100 --> 00:29:28,100 Limiting the methane that's being wasted, 661 00:29:28,100 --> 00:29:30,566 that's leaking out from these oil and gas well sites, 662 00:29:30,566 --> 00:29:33,600 is going to help us, you know, address that problem quickly 663 00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:35,400 and get that mitigated. 664 00:29:35,400 --> 00:29:38,633 What was it like when the idea 665 00:29:38,633 --> 00:29:41,300 was first floated of a not-for-profit 666 00:29:41,300 --> 00:29:42,566 launching a satellite? 667 00:29:42,566 --> 00:29:44,066 It's a game changer. 668 00:29:44,066 --> 00:29:45,433 I mean, you're right. 669 00:29:45,433 --> 00:29:47,600 It's--we're the first to do this. 670 00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:49,733 We saw an opportunity to really fill 671 00:29:49,733 --> 00:29:52,400 this gap in the data. 672 00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:55,466 Building from the science that we did here on Earth, 673 00:29:55,466 --> 00:29:57,600 going around and sampling these sites, 674 00:29:57,600 --> 00:29:59,633 if we wanted to bring that to scale, 675 00:29:59,633 --> 00:30:02,166 if we wanted to be able to see not just what's going on 676 00:30:02,166 --> 00:30:04,366 in the U.S. but what's going on around the world, 677 00:30:04,366 --> 00:30:06,466 we were going to need to think differently 678 00:30:06,466 --> 00:30:08,133 and to think bigger. 679 00:30:09,633 --> 00:30:11,466 [Fan blowing] 680 00:30:11,466 --> 00:30:14,100 Wallach, voice-over: While I was there, we got to suit up 681 00:30:14,100 --> 00:30:17,366 so we could see the satellite itself in person. 682 00:30:17,366 --> 00:30:19,200 A team of scientists have been hard at work here 683 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:21,733 for over a year on what will be the first satellite 684 00:30:21,733 --> 00:30:23,100 of its kind. 685 00:30:26,166 --> 00:30:27,666 Goldstein: Blows my mind to think about it, 686 00:30:27,666 --> 00:30:29,433 but this will be up in space. 687 00:30:29,433 --> 00:30:31,433 Man: What you're looking at here on the top 688 00:30:31,433 --> 00:30:32,800 is going to be pointed down towards the Earth. 689 00:30:32,800 --> 00:30:34,266 Yes. 690 00:30:34,266 --> 00:30:35,733 We have one channel for methane, 691 00:30:35,733 --> 00:30:37,166 and we've got the oxygen channel. 692 00:30:37,166 --> 00:30:39,100 The oxygen channel is helpful for us 693 00:30:39,100 --> 00:30:41,400 to correct some of the observations that we get. 694 00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:45,333 Everything below that is the spacecraft bus, 695 00:30:45,333 --> 00:30:48,266 and that's what provides the power, the heat. 696 00:30:48,266 --> 00:30:50,100 So as the satellite goes around the planet, 697 00:30:50,100 --> 00:30:52,166 they're always going to rotate to get maximum sun. 698 00:30:52,166 --> 00:30:53,833 Yep. 699 00:30:53,833 --> 00:30:55,466 That's how we keep consistent lighting conditions. 700 00:30:55,466 --> 00:30:57,300 It's called a sun-synchronous orbit. 701 00:30:57,300 --> 00:30:58,766 But obviously once it's up there, 702 00:30:58,766 --> 00:31:00,166 we're gonna want to keep flying it 703 00:31:00,166 --> 00:31:02,066 for as long as possible. 704 00:31:02,066 --> 00:31:03,366 Wallach: So it won't just be the U.S. 705 00:31:03,366 --> 00:31:04,833 Goldstein: No. 706 00:31:04,833 --> 00:31:06,200 And then what happens in other countries 707 00:31:06,200 --> 00:31:08,333 that are doing this, their citizens 708 00:31:08,333 --> 00:31:10,200 and their governments will be able to also see this data, 709 00:31:10,200 --> 00:31:11,700 because it's open and free. 710 00:31:11,700 --> 00:31:13,200 That's absolutely right. 711 00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:15,200 And so with MethaneSAT, we'll be able to say, 712 00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:16,800 like, what's going on in Russia, 713 00:31:16,800 --> 00:31:18,300 What's going on in Turkmenistan, 714 00:31:18,300 --> 00:31:21,233 you know, and other places where we get energy. 715 00:31:21,233 --> 00:31:23,800 I think a lot about the world that our kids 716 00:31:23,800 --> 00:31:26,366 are gonna inherit, the problems that we're seeing 717 00:31:26,366 --> 00:31:28,566 already with climate impacts. 718 00:31:28,566 --> 00:31:31,800 Methane is the way that we can really bend that curve 719 00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:33,566 as quickly as possible. 720 00:31:33,566 --> 00:31:35,666 By cutting methane emissions, 721 00:31:35,666 --> 00:31:38,833 we can slow the rate of warming by up to 30%. 722 00:31:38,833 --> 00:31:41,533 It's not to say that carbon dioxide isn't important. 723 00:31:41,533 --> 00:31:43,566 It's incredibly important, too. 724 00:31:43,566 --> 00:31:45,400 But we really need to do both, 725 00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:47,033 and we need to do them as quickly as possible. 726 00:31:49,233 --> 00:31:50,666 Bratton: One of the ironies of this moment 727 00:31:50,666 --> 00:31:53,433 is that, in many respects, 728 00:31:53,433 --> 00:31:57,266 we know much more about how planetary systems work, 729 00:31:57,266 --> 00:32:01,433 how our own bodies work, where we are astronomically, 730 00:32:01,433 --> 00:32:04,100 than we have known at any other time in history. 731 00:32:04,100 --> 00:32:07,566 And yet, it seems as though the ability 732 00:32:07,566 --> 00:32:12,266 of complex societies to deliberately, comprehensively, 733 00:32:12,266 --> 00:32:14,633 and effectively compose themselves, 734 00:32:14,633 --> 00:32:19,433 to govern themselves, to make things work isn't tracking. 735 00:32:19,433 --> 00:32:23,733 There's an irony. We know more but can do less. 736 00:32:23,733 --> 00:32:25,700 Howe: We haven't taken a long-term view. 737 00:32:25,700 --> 00:32:27,766 We've completely ignored the things 738 00:32:27,766 --> 00:32:31,600 that we know, with a fair degree of certainty 739 00:32:31,600 --> 00:32:35,066 in many cases, are coming down the track at us. 740 00:32:35,066 --> 00:32:38,266 We work on these very sort of linear trajectories, 741 00:32:38,266 --> 00:32:40,200 in terms of what we measure. 742 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:44,766 And all of those things add up to a system 743 00:32:44,766 --> 00:32:50,433 which has this kind of terrible pull into the short-term, 744 00:32:50,433 --> 00:32:54,433 and very few incentives to look to the long-term. 745 00:32:57,333 --> 00:32:59,733 Wallach: One thing we know is coming towards us-- 746 00:32:59,733 --> 00:33:02,466 an unprecedented amount of human migration 747 00:33:02,466 --> 00:33:05,166 due to the effects of climate change around the world. 748 00:33:05,166 --> 00:33:08,366 And even though big long-term challenges like this 749 00:33:08,366 --> 00:33:10,366 have proven difficult for us to address, 750 00:33:10,366 --> 00:33:13,533 we now have, more than ever, a chance to rethink 751 00:33:13,533 --> 00:33:16,066 our societies and how we think about 752 00:33:16,066 --> 00:33:18,200 who gets to be a part of them. 753 00:33:18,200 --> 00:33:20,600 Gaia Vince is an environmental journalist 754 00:33:20,600 --> 00:33:23,300 who has spent years arguing that not only are 755 00:33:23,300 --> 00:33:26,166 enormous shifts in migration already upon us, 756 00:33:26,166 --> 00:33:27,700 but also what we've been told is 757 00:33:27,700 --> 00:33:31,800 a geopolitical problem could in fact, if managed well, 758 00:33:31,800 --> 00:33:35,300 be a powerful opportunity. 759 00:33:35,300 --> 00:33:37,666 So you wrote, "The great upheaval is coming." 760 00:33:37,666 --> 00:33:39,633 What do you mean by that? 761 00:33:39,633 --> 00:33:41,166 You know, the climate that 762 00:33:41,166 --> 00:33:43,466 we experience in our lives, 763 00:33:43,466 --> 00:33:44,600 and which our culture 764 00:33:44,600 --> 00:33:46,200 has been built on, 765 00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:48,400 it's really the fabric of everything we do. 766 00:33:48,400 --> 00:33:51,266 And so when that changes, it means everything changes. 767 00:33:51,266 --> 00:33:54,833 We're seeing drought, wildfires, flood. 768 00:33:54,833 --> 00:33:57,300 And all these events, they are going 769 00:33:57,300 --> 00:34:01,400 to create unlivable regions across the planet, 770 00:34:01,400 --> 00:34:03,833 and the conditions are going to be so extreme 771 00:34:03,833 --> 00:34:06,400 that people are not going to be able to adapt. 772 00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:07,533 They're going to have to move. 773 00:34:07,533 --> 00:34:09,700 [Crowd yelling] 774 00:34:09,700 --> 00:34:11,533 [Child crying] 775 00:34:11,533 --> 00:34:13,566 So we're going to see an upheaval in terms 776 00:34:13,566 --> 00:34:15,233 of populations moving. 777 00:34:15,233 --> 00:34:18,133 But at the same time, everywhere on Earth 778 00:34:18,133 --> 00:34:19,800 is going to have to adapt to these new conditions, 779 00:34:19,800 --> 00:34:22,066 even if they don't have to move. 780 00:34:22,066 --> 00:34:23,833 You look at somewhere like Mumbai, 781 00:34:23,833 --> 00:34:27,666 which is home to around 30 million people, possibly more. 782 00:34:27,666 --> 00:34:31,600 At least 9 million of those live in slum housing. 783 00:34:31,600 --> 00:34:33,766 They will migrate. They will try to migrate, 784 00:34:33,766 --> 00:34:35,533 because they will have no choice-- 785 00:34:35,533 --> 00:34:39,266 millions, perhaps billions of people. 786 00:34:39,266 --> 00:34:42,066 Among the many choices we have, we can put up barriers. 787 00:34:42,066 --> 00:34:45,733 We can send back boats of people fleeing disaster. 788 00:34:45,733 --> 00:34:49,133 We've seen it doesn't work. It's very expensive. 789 00:34:49,133 --> 00:34:51,200 So what's-- what's your alternative 790 00:34:51,200 --> 00:34:53,566 to accepting people in? 791 00:34:53,566 --> 00:34:55,166 Is it conflict? 792 00:34:55,166 --> 00:34:57,366 Is it conscripting armies of young people 793 00:34:57,366 --> 00:34:59,066 to fight these people? 794 00:34:59,066 --> 00:35:00,766 Because, you know, that's not the future 795 00:35:00,766 --> 00:35:02,566 that I would like to see, 796 00:35:02,566 --> 00:35:05,766 and I don't think that benefits anyone. 797 00:35:05,766 --> 00:35:07,400 There are places where we can live, 798 00:35:07,400 --> 00:35:10,766 and there is plenty of room for all of us, 799 00:35:10,766 --> 00:35:13,066 especially if we get on with adapting it 800 00:35:13,066 --> 00:35:16,433 and create the societies we want. 801 00:35:16,433 --> 00:35:19,133 There's this talk of, like, a clash of civilizations 802 00:35:19,133 --> 00:35:21,500 or a clash of cultures, 803 00:35:21,500 --> 00:35:24,266 this nomadic century that we're going into. 804 00:35:24,266 --> 00:35:27,166 There's a worry that these cultures 805 00:35:27,166 --> 00:35:28,833 won't be able to work together. 806 00:35:28,833 --> 00:35:30,500 They're just too different. 807 00:35:30,500 --> 00:35:33,333 But--but you see culture somewhat differently. 808 00:35:33,333 --> 00:35:37,200 Throughout history, the way that humans have resolved 809 00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:41,400 their problems is through technological adaptation 810 00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:43,266 and through social adaptation. 811 00:35:43,266 --> 00:35:44,400 We work together. 812 00:35:44,400 --> 00:35:45,800 We cooperate to solve problems. 813 00:35:45,800 --> 00:35:48,600 If we don't do that, history shows us 814 00:35:48,600 --> 00:35:51,800 that leads to loss of life, economic destruction, 815 00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:56,100 and the loss of entire civilizations. 816 00:35:56,100 --> 00:35:59,100 But when we do, brilliant things happen. 817 00:35:59,100 --> 00:36:02,233 So the first thing we need to do, in my opinion, 818 00:36:02,233 --> 00:36:03,700 is look ahead. 819 00:36:03,700 --> 00:36:07,400 Look ahead at the future and create that world first 820 00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:10,133 in your mind, because that's how everything is created. 821 00:36:10,133 --> 00:36:14,633 What does a good Anthropocene look like? 822 00:36:14,633 --> 00:36:17,800 For me, it's a place where 823 00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:22,533 nature is restored, where people have clean air, 824 00:36:22,533 --> 00:36:26,700 clean water, available food. 825 00:36:26,700 --> 00:36:29,466 They have cheap, abundant energy, 826 00:36:29,466 --> 00:36:33,666 and they have opportunities for jobs in their city. 827 00:36:33,666 --> 00:36:36,166 But we won't get there by accident. 828 00:36:36,166 --> 00:36:39,366 We only get there by identifying 829 00:36:39,366 --> 00:36:42,266 what that vision is that we've shared and agreed on, 830 00:36:42,266 --> 00:36:44,400 and then what the steps are to get there. 831 00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:58,433 ♪ 832 00:36:58,433 --> 00:37:01,233 Wallach, voice-over: I'm in Delhi, a vibrant city that's 833 00:37:01,233 --> 00:37:04,100 home to more than 32 million people. 834 00:37:04,100 --> 00:37:06,266 I'm here to spend time with a local architect 835 00:37:06,266 --> 00:37:08,833 named Manas Bhatia, who has a unique vision 836 00:37:08,833 --> 00:37:11,433 for the future of this city. 837 00:37:11,433 --> 00:37:15,066 He's honest about the very real challenges Delhi faces, 838 00:37:15,066 --> 00:37:17,233 but that's not stopping him from imagining 839 00:37:17,233 --> 00:37:18,600 something better. 840 00:37:18,600 --> 00:37:21,166 Using new AI tools and techniques, 841 00:37:21,166 --> 00:37:23,133 he's working to completely reimagine 842 00:37:23,133 --> 00:37:25,133 the relationship between nature 843 00:37:25,133 --> 00:37:28,133 and the cities in which we live. 844 00:37:28,133 --> 00:37:29,400 Wallach: So as I look at a lot of the work 845 00:37:29,400 --> 00:37:31,566 that you're doing now using AI, 846 00:37:31,566 --> 00:37:34,633 what fascinates me is the direction you're taking it. 847 00:37:34,633 --> 00:37:39,366 What about nature do you think is so important 848 00:37:39,366 --> 00:37:41,333 to the work that you do? 849 00:37:41,333 --> 00:37:45,100 I am from Dehradun, which is, like, a valley, 850 00:37:45,100 --> 00:37:47,566   and it is close to the Himalayas. 851 00:37:47,566 --> 00:37:51,466 It's all very green and very, very beautiful. 852 00:37:51,466 --> 00:37:55,766 So every day I would just go out by the riverside, 853 00:37:55,766 --> 00:37:58,433 go for a trek in the hills. 854 00:37:58,433 --> 00:38:00,533 I would just sit there and with my sketchpad, 855 00:38:00,533 --> 00:38:04,133 and I would observe nature. 856 00:38:04,133 --> 00:38:07,700 I can sort of imagine spaces in those patterns 857 00:38:07,700 --> 00:38:11,600 and in those, you know, wilted leaves. 858 00:38:11,600 --> 00:38:13,766 Nature itself is a big inspiration 859 00:38:13,766 --> 00:38:17,133 for my projects that way. 860 00:38:17,133 --> 00:38:18,833 I think the first time I moved to Delhi, 861 00:38:18,833 --> 00:38:21,500 I hated the place, I would say. 862 00:38:21,500 --> 00:38:23,633 It was like a concrete jungle. 863 00:38:23,633 --> 00:38:27,233 It was difficult to adjust at first. 864 00:38:27,233 --> 00:38:30,666 Now, the entire idea is, how can I combine those 865 00:38:30,666 --> 00:38:34,700 two concepts so that the future of architecture 866 00:38:34,700 --> 00:38:37,366 and the future cities could be better 867 00:38:37,366 --> 00:38:40,033 than the current concrete jungles we are living in? 868 00:38:41,466 --> 00:38:43,766 When we are being taught about architecture, 869 00:38:43,766 --> 00:38:46,500 every design starts with an idea. 870 00:38:46,500 --> 00:38:50,533 And then the designer turns to tools like sketchpads, 871 00:38:50,533 --> 00:38:54,233 and, you know, pencils, and 3D softwares. 872 00:38:54,233 --> 00:38:57,166 There was a tool which was lacking that could really 873 00:38:57,166 --> 00:39:00,300 help me envisioning my thoughts quickly, 874 00:39:00,300 --> 00:39:02,666 these visions which I had as an architect. 875 00:39:02,666 --> 00:39:04,733 Finally, there is a tool which I can use 876 00:39:04,733 --> 00:39:06,833 to actually express myself. 877 00:39:06,833 --> 00:39:09,733 Midjourney was something which could take 878 00:39:09,733 --> 00:39:13,100 the designs to a next level. 879 00:39:13,100 --> 00:39:14,566 These are some of the explorations 880 00:39:14,566 --> 00:39:16,766 that I've currently been doing. 881 00:39:16,766 --> 00:39:19,600 This is one of my favorite ones. 882 00:39:19,600 --> 00:39:24,533 It's like a pavilion, which was inspired from bioluminescence. 883 00:39:24,533 --> 00:39:28,066 There are other projects, as well. 884 00:39:28,066 --> 00:39:30,500 It took the instructions from the parameters. 885 00:39:30,500 --> 00:39:33,266 You can see how I've tried to show 886 00:39:33,266 --> 00:39:35,566 what it would look like if you were, you know, 887 00:39:35,566 --> 00:39:38,100 inside a hollowed-out tree. 888 00:39:39,566 --> 00:39:42,600 So you could have those grand atrium spaces, 889 00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:45,533 and the staircases. 890 00:39:45,533 --> 00:39:48,133 In theory, right now, 891 00:39:48,133 --> 00:39:50,433 we can't necessarily grow a tree like this. 892 00:39:50,433 --> 00:39:52,733 But this could inform people who are 893 00:39:52,733 --> 00:39:54,700 working in synthetic biology. 894 00:39:54,700 --> 00:39:56,533 You are showing them 895 00:39:56,533 --> 00:39:58,566 what this output could actually look like. 896 00:39:58,566 --> 00:40:02,600 Right. AI is here to stay. 897 00:40:02,600 --> 00:40:06,200 It will be like your assistant in your design process 898 00:40:06,200 --> 00:40:08,733 all through the way, motivating designers 899 00:40:08,733 --> 00:40:12,200 to be more expressive and to experiment more. 900 00:40:12,200 --> 00:40:14,100 Just break all the rules and, you know, 901 00:40:14,100 --> 00:40:15,633 think beyond the boundaries. 902 00:40:17,200 --> 00:40:19,266 How do you feel Delhi is going to become 903 00:40:19,266 --> 00:40:21,266 a city of the future? 904 00:40:21,266 --> 00:40:23,400 This will be one of those cities which will 905 00:40:23,400 --> 00:40:25,166 have to adapt very quickly. 906 00:40:25,166 --> 00:40:27,600 The only solution here is to build 907 00:40:27,600 --> 00:40:31,700 more sustainably, to build towards a greener future. 908 00:40:31,700 --> 00:40:35,200 If you look at nature, nothing is unnecessary. 909 00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:38,266 Every pattern and every tree 910 00:40:38,266 --> 00:40:41,066 that grows in a particular way, it is following 911 00:40:41,066 --> 00:40:44,733 some rules, which we call as sacred geometry. 912 00:40:44,733 --> 00:40:47,600 So the animals and the little creatures, 913 00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:50,733 they have been using the design principles, 914 00:40:50,733 --> 00:40:54,566 and they have been the real architects, I would say. 915 00:40:54,566 --> 00:40:58,100 So if we start implementing those systems in nature 916 00:40:58,100 --> 00:41:01,633 into architecture, pick up all those logics and bits 917 00:41:01,633 --> 00:41:03,733 and pieces of information, and, you know, 918 00:41:03,733 --> 00:41:07,300 reimagine those systems, that kind of architecture 919 00:41:07,300 --> 00:41:09,300 is what we are all dreaming for. 920 00:41:09,300 --> 00:41:11,133 A design... 921 00:41:11,133 --> 00:41:12,666 Wallach, voice-over: The future Manas and his team 922 00:41:12,666 --> 00:41:15,766 are dreaming about is beautiful, and it reminds me 923 00:41:15,766 --> 00:41:18,166 just how much creativity these new tools 924 00:41:18,166 --> 00:41:21,266 have the power to unleash. 925 00:41:21,266 --> 00:41:23,466 Hoffman: I think that the artificial intelligence 926 00:41:23,466 --> 00:41:26,233 technology is the most important technology in my lifetime. 927 00:41:26,233 --> 00:41:28,600 [Train whistle blows] 928 00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:31,600 It's kind of like a steam engine moment. 929 00:41:31,600 --> 00:41:33,833 If you think back in history, the steam engine 930 00:41:33,833 --> 00:41:38,433 was a thing that completely changed the face of the Earth 931 00:41:38,433 --> 00:41:40,133 and face of society. 932 00:41:40,133 --> 00:41:42,100 And what I think is going on now 933 00:41:42,100 --> 00:41:45,266 with artificial intelligence and scale computing is 934 00:41:45,266 --> 00:41:48,566 it's like the steam engine of the mind. 935 00:41:48,566 --> 00:41:51,100 AI is an amplification of anything 936 00:41:51,100 --> 00:41:54,133 that you can do with an electronic device 937 00:41:54,133 --> 00:41:57,300 across all of life and all of work. 938 00:41:59,333 --> 00:42:02,333 Bratton: You know, over the history of the course 939 00:42:02,333 --> 00:42:07,366 of the planet, life evolved at a particular point in time. 940 00:42:07,366 --> 00:42:10,200 Much later on, wait a few billions of years, 941 00:42:10,200 --> 00:42:13,166 this life begins to become intelligent. 942 00:42:13,166 --> 00:42:16,333 The intelligence of this life begins to transform 943 00:42:16,333 --> 00:42:19,566 the planet in its own image. 944 00:42:19,566 --> 00:42:22,100 They were biological forms, 945 00:42:22,100 --> 00:42:25,500 they were animal forms, vegetal. 946 00:42:25,500 --> 00:42:27,400 You could say the whole biosphere 947 00:42:27,400 --> 00:42:30,366 has a kind of intelligence. 948 00:42:30,366 --> 00:42:34,633 But now the lithosphere is also intelligent. 949 00:42:34,633 --> 00:42:37,800 We have learned to take rocks and metals 950 00:42:37,800 --> 00:42:40,133 and fold them in particular ways 951 00:42:40,133 --> 00:42:42,500 and run electric current through them. 952 00:42:42,500 --> 00:42:46,200 And these rocks are now capable of feats of sentience 953 00:42:46,200 --> 00:42:50,733 and sapience that previously only apes, us, 954 00:42:50,733 --> 00:42:53,400 had been able to accomplish. 955 00:42:53,400 --> 00:42:55,566 This is incredible. 956 00:42:55,566 --> 00:42:58,066 The question is, what do we do with that? 957 00:42:58,066 --> 00:42:59,533 The question is, what is this, you know-- 958 00:42:59,533 --> 00:43:00,533   really, what is this for? 959 00:43:00,533 --> 00:43:09,233 ♪ 960 00:43:09,233 --> 00:43:11,100 Wallach, voice-over: My final visit is to a place called 961 00:43:11,100 --> 00:43:12,766 the Longplayer Lab, 962 00:43:12,766 --> 00:43:15,400 an old lighthouse that's been repurposed 963 00:43:15,400 --> 00:43:18,433 as a listening room for a unique piece of music. 964 00:43:18,433 --> 00:43:20,433 What--what is Longplayer? 965 00:43:20,433 --> 00:43:24,100 Longplayer, as it's called, is a piece of music 966 00:43:24,100 --> 00:43:26,266   composed by Jem Finer 967 00:43:26,266 --> 00:43:29,600 which lasts for 1,000 years without repetition 968 00:43:29,600 --> 00:43:31,633 and then starts again. 969 00:43:31,633 --> 00:43:33,200 So, a continuous piece of music 970 00:43:33,200 --> 00:43:36,133 which encourages us to think about 971 00:43:36,133 --> 00:43:39,300 deep time, futures, hopes of futures, 972 00:43:39,300 --> 00:43:41,066 and the hope that there is actually a planet 973 00:43:41,066 --> 00:43:43,266 in which it can play into. 974 00:43:43,266 --> 00:43:44,766 Wallach, voice-over: The initial score, 975 00:43:44,766 --> 00:43:46,400 written for a Tibetan singing bowl, 976 00:43:46,400 --> 00:43:48,566 is fed through an algorithm that constantly 977 00:43:48,566 --> 00:43:50,566 transposes it in multiple ways 978 00:43:50,566 --> 00:43:53,700 in order to play originally and without repetition. 979 00:43:53,700 --> 00:43:56,466 It began playing in 1999 980 00:43:56,466 --> 00:43:59,600 and will not finish until 2099. 981 00:43:59,600 --> 00:44:02,166 Being here makes me wonder what the world 982 00:44:02,166 --> 00:44:04,100 will look like at that point. 983 00:44:04,100 --> 00:44:10,066 So, it's the year 2099, December 31st. 984 00:44:10,066 --> 00:44:13,800 It's been 1,000 years since Longplayer has been 985 00:44:13,800 --> 00:44:16,166 composing and performing. 986 00:44:16,166 --> 00:44:18,500 What do you want the world to look like? 987 00:44:18,500 --> 00:44:20,666 I guess I just really hope 988 00:44:20,666 --> 00:44:26,433 that there is a world enough for survival. 989 00:44:26,433 --> 00:44:28,166 That doesn't just mean humans. 990 00:44:28,166 --> 00:44:31,366 It means all kinds of species. 991 00:44:31,366 --> 00:44:33,766 I hope there's a world that 992 00:44:33,766 --> 00:44:38,466 not just sustains but actively encourages 993 00:44:38,466 --> 00:44:41,266 joy and--and love 994 00:44:41,266 --> 00:44:43,333 and good feeling to each other. 995 00:44:43,333 --> 00:44:46,466 ♪ 996 00:44:46,466 --> 00:44:48,600 Mbappé, voice-over: When you think about your future, 997 00:44:48,600 --> 00:44:52,200 you realize that you have always something more to do. 998 00:44:52,200 --> 00:44:55,766 If you want to have success, we need us as a team. 999 00:44:55,766 --> 00:44:58,533 We are one team, the world. 1000 00:44:58,533 --> 00:45:04,233 I cannot change the world alone, but I can do one step. 1001 00:45:04,233 --> 00:45:06,766 If everybody do one step, 1002 00:45:06,766 --> 00:45:08,366 that will help us to grow like a team. 1003 00:45:09,766 --> 00:45:11,666 Hoffman: No technology is built entirely in a box 1004 00:45:11,666 --> 00:45:13,266 and then deployed. 1005 00:45:13,266 --> 00:45:16,233 It's deployed, learned from, improved. 1006 00:45:16,233 --> 00:45:19,566 That's the society we should be designing to. 1007 00:45:19,566 --> 00:45:23,700 Go do it, try it, play with it, iterate it, develop it. 1008 00:45:23,700 --> 00:45:26,533 You know, my hope is that we are building 1009 00:45:26,533 --> 00:45:31,033 these technologies to enable us to be more human. 1010 00:45:32,233 --> 00:45:34,833 Sam: Looking decades ahead, I actually think 1011 00:45:34,833 --> 00:45:36,600 we're gonna find ourselves closer 1012 00:45:36,600 --> 00:45:38,233 to what it really feels like to be a human, 1013 00:45:38,233 --> 00:45:40,200 when there are thriving ecosystems, 1014 00:45:40,200 --> 00:45:42,566 when there is incredible biodiversity, 1015 00:45:42,566 --> 00:45:46,666 when we're closer to nature and establishing that harmony. 1016 00:45:46,666 --> 00:45:49,233 Bhatia: Humans are driven by the beauty. 1017 00:45:49,233 --> 00:45:53,566 So do we want our cities to be like pieces of concrete 1018 00:45:53,566 --> 00:45:55,666 which we build up, serve the function, 1019 00:45:55,666 --> 00:45:57,666 and then we destroy them? 1020 00:45:57,666 --> 00:46:00,766 Or do we want our future cities to be beautifully, 1021 00:46:00,766 --> 00:46:03,266 aesthetically looking good? 1022 00:46:03,266 --> 00:46:06,266 Bidshahri, voice-over: Progress is about problem-solving. 1023 00:46:06,266 --> 00:46:09,466 It takes creativity, innovation, foresight, 1024 00:46:09,466 --> 00:46:11,500 in order to imagine an exciting future 1025 00:46:11,500 --> 00:46:14,766 for humanity first before you can create it. 1026 00:46:14,766 --> 00:46:17,066 Vince: These are very complex, interwoven, 1027 00:46:17,066 --> 00:46:19,433 interconnected problems. 1028 00:46:19,433 --> 00:46:23,600 And at their heart is the way we operate as humans. 1029 00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:26,766 Howe: What are the consequences in the short, medium, 1030 00:46:26,766 --> 00:46:29,500 and long-term for future generations? 1031 00:46:29,500 --> 00:46:32,133 When you apply this framework, 1032 00:46:32,133 --> 00:46:33,766 then actually you do start coming up with 1033 00:46:33,766 --> 00:46:36,300 different approaches. 1034 00:46:36,300 --> 00:46:38,100 Bratton: Here going forward, 1035 00:46:38,100 --> 00:46:40,300 nothing's gonna be the same. 1036 00:46:40,300 --> 00:46:43,466 Whatever we do now over this period 1037 00:46:43,466 --> 00:46:47,300 of the next couple decades is gonna set the foundations 1038 00:46:47,300 --> 00:46:49,000 for a lot of what comes next. 1039 00:46:50,800 --> 00:46:54,066 Man: A and B speeds. 1040 00:46:54,066 --> 00:46:55,600 And the series finale, take one. 1041 00:46:55,600 --> 00:46:57,000 Mark. 1042 00:46:58,433 --> 00:47:00,100 Woman: B mark, stop six. 1043 00:47:02,166 --> 00:47:04,333 [Laughter] 1044 00:47:04,333 --> 00:47:05,666 Wallach, voice-over: As this chapter of my journey 1045 00:47:05,666 --> 00:47:07,666 comes to an end, 1046 00:47:07,666 --> 00:47:11,566 it's difficult to describe the effect it's all had on me. 1047 00:47:11,566 --> 00:47:15,300 I set out in search of people who are making better futures, 1048 00:47:15,300 --> 00:47:18,233 people who are building things, 1049 00:47:18,233 --> 00:47:21,666 changing things, rewriting the story, 1050 00:47:21,666 --> 00:47:24,366 reimagining what all this is for 1051 00:47:24,366 --> 00:47:29,066 and where we can take it moving forward. 1052 00:47:29,066 --> 00:47:32,066 What I found is that this moment of chaos 1053 00:47:32,066 --> 00:47:34,700 also holds the seeds of creativity, 1054 00:47:34,700 --> 00:47:37,133 an opportunity to remake our world 1055 00:47:37,133 --> 00:47:39,166 and write a bigger, better story 1056 00:47:39,166 --> 00:47:41,833 about what it means to be human, 1057 00:47:41,833 --> 00:47:44,200 remembering that whatever we face up ahead, 1058 00:47:44,200 --> 00:47:48,233 we are in this together, not alone. 1059 00:47:48,233 --> 00:47:51,500 And at the end of it all, the feeling I'm left with most 1060 00:47:51,500 --> 00:47:55,500 is not hope, but it's also not fear. 1061 00:47:55,500 --> 00:47:57,366 It's not a final greeting card statement 1062 00:47:57,366 --> 00:47:59,066 that everything's gonna work out, 1063 00:47:59,066 --> 00:48:01,833 nor is it a feeling that all is lost. 1064 00:48:01,833 --> 00:48:05,100 [Indistinct conversation] 1065 00:48:05,100 --> 00:48:09,300 It's a feeling, a truly felt belief, actually, 1066 00:48:09,300 --> 00:48:12,466 a belief that we have a choice, 1067 00:48:12,466 --> 00:48:14,733 a choice to decide to become the great ancestors 1068 00:48:14,733 --> 00:48:18,200 our future needs us to be. 1069 00:48:18,200 --> 00:48:22,266 What does it mean to be a great ancestor? 1070 00:48:22,266 --> 00:48:24,433 It means you make the decisions that 1071 00:48:24,433 --> 00:48:29,700 ensure the future flourishing of generations to come. 1072 00:48:29,700 --> 00:48:31,400 We all have agency. 1073 00:48:31,400 --> 00:48:34,266 It can be how we consume, how we vote, 1074 00:48:34,266 --> 00:48:37,400 how we talk to one another-- 1075 00:48:37,400 --> 00:48:42,400 these very small actions that have long-term impacts. 1076 00:48:42,400 --> 00:48:45,600 If I was to be born at any time 1077 00:48:45,600 --> 00:48:48,766 in the grand arc of human history, 1078 00:48:48,766 --> 00:48:51,433 I'd want to be born right now, 1079 00:48:51,433 --> 00:48:53,233 not some time in the far future 1080 00:48:53,233 --> 00:48:55,166 when all the problems are solved 1081 00:48:55,166 --> 00:48:58,266 and everything is unicorns and rainbows, but right now. 1082 00:48:58,266 --> 00:49:02,800 We're at this inflection point where we're gonna decide, 1083 00:49:02,800 --> 00:49:05,433 really, the fate of our species. 1084 00:49:05,433 --> 00:49:08,266 What's so exciting about this moment 1085 00:49:08,266 --> 00:49:13,600 is that we get to decide what happens. 1086 00:49:13,600 --> 00:49:15,800 What do we become? 1087 00:49:15,800 --> 00:49:19,400 ♪ 1088 00:49:20,566 --> 00:49:49,433 ♪